BEN CLAUSEN
Physics

WORK EXPERIENCE

• Adjunct Assistant Professor of Physics, 1989-
  • Department of Physics, La Sierra University, Riverside, California
  • classes — general physics
• Research Associate (post-doctoral position), 1987-1989
  • Institute of Nuclear and Particle Physics and Department of Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville
• Research Assistant, 1984-1987
  • Nuclear Physics Laboratory, University of Colorado, Boulder
• Teaching Assistant, 1983-1984
  • Physics Department, University of Colorado, Boulder
• Contract teacher for mathematics, 1982-1983
  • Mathematics Department, Loma Linda University, Riverside, California
• Contract teacher for physics, 1981-1983
  • Physics Department, Loma Linda University, Riverside, California
• High school math and science teacher, 1978-1980
  • Sandia View Academy, Corrales, NM
• Volunteer high school math and science teacher, 1974-1975
  • Solusi College, Zimbabwe, Africa

EDUCATION

• Ph.D., Nuclear Physics, 1987 — University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
  • Thesis: Pion Scattering to 8^- Stretched States in ⁶⁰Ni [Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory thesis LA-11213-T (March 1988)]
• B.A., Physics/Math, 1978 — Union College, Lincoln, Nebraska
• Additional course work taken at:
  • University of New Mexico, Albuquerque — organic chemistry

MEMBERSHIPS

• American Geophysical Union, 1982-present
• American Physical Society, 1983-present

FELLOWSHIPS, AWARDS, GRANTS

• Faculty Travel Grant, Associated Western Universities (USDOE), 1990
• University Fellowship, University of Colorado, 1983

NUCLEAR PHYSICS RESEARCH

    In the nuclear shell model, protons and neutrons (nucleons) orbit in nuclear shells in a way similar to electrons orbiting in atomic shells. The energy levels of the various nuclear shells can be studied by bombarding the nucleus with elementary particles (electrons, protons, pions, etc.) and then determining the energy of the scattered particle with a spectrometer. The energy gained in a nuclear transition to a higher energy level can be determined from the energy loss of the scattered particle. Some of the simpler transitions are to "stretched" states and are the ones my research has concentrated on.
    Simple theoretical nuclear shell models have generally under-predicted the experimentally determined probability for these stretched transitions. The discrepancy has been addressed by using more complex theoretical nuclear shell models and by comparing experiments from a number of different nuclei with a variety of properties.

Experimental nuclear research has been conducted at the following particle accelerators:

• LAMPF — Los Alamos Meson Physics Facility / at the Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico
• MIT-Bates — Massachusetts Institute of Technology / Bates Linear Accelerator, Middleton, Massachusetts
  • now — Bates Linear Accelerator Center
• NIKHEF — Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge-Energiefysica, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
• IUCF — Indiana University Cyclotron Facility, Bloomington, Indiana
• TRIUMF — Tri-University Meson Facility, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
• AGS — Alternating Gradient Synchrotron / at the Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton (Long Island), New York
• JINR — Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia

Summary (October 1999)

• Nuclear Stretched States excited by Electron Scattering

Experimental papers on stretched states:

• Pion scattering to 6^- stretched states in ³²S — B.L.Clausen, T.W.Johnson, R.A.Lindgren, K.Cromer, R.J.Peterson, A.D.Bacher, H.Ward, and A.L.Williams. Phys. Rev. C, v.55, p.625-639 (1997).
• Inelastic electron scattering from ¹⁸O at backward angles and DOWNLOAD — R.M.Sellers, D.M.Manley, M.M.Niboh, D.S.Weerasundara, R.A.Lindgren, B.L.Clausen, M.Farkhondeh, B.E.Norum, and B.L.Berman. Phys. Rev. C, v.51, p.1926-1944 (1995).
• Identification of 4^- states in the ¹⁴C(p,n)¹⁴N reaction at 135 MeV and DOWNLOAD — L.A.C.Garcia, B.D.Anderson, D.M.Manley, A.R.Baldwin, R.Pourang, E.Steinfelds, J.W.Watson, R.A.Lindgren, B.L.Clausen, A.D.Bacher, and C.C.Foster. Phys. Rev. C, v.50, p.289-299 (1994).
• High resolution 162 MeV pion scattering to 6^- stretched states in ²⁶Mg — B.L.Clausen, R.J.Peterson, C.Kormanyos, J.E.Wise, A.B.Kurepin, and Y.K.Gavrilov. Phys. Rev. C, v.48, p.1632-1642 (1993).
• Pion scattering to 6^- stretched states in ²⁴Mg and ²⁶Mg — R.A.Lindgren, B.L.Clausen, G.S.Blanpied, J.Hernandez, C.S.Mishra, W.K.Mize, C.S.Whisnant, B.G.Ritchie, C.L.Morris, S.J.Seestrom-Morris, C.Fred Moore, P.A.Seidl, B.H.Wildenthal, R.Gilman, J.A.Carr. Phys. Rev. C, v.44, p.2413-2418 (1991).
• Electroexcitation of 6^- states in ³²S and DOWNLOAD — B.L.Clausen, R.A.Lindgren, M.Farkhondeh, L.W.Fagg, D.I.Sober, C.W.deJager, H.deVries, N.Kalantar-Nayestanaki, B.L.Berman, K.S.Dhuga, J.A.Carr, F.Petrovich, and P.E.Burt. Phys. Rev. Lett., v.65, p.547-550 (1990).
• Analysis of pion scattering to stretched states in ⁶⁰Ni and other nuclei using Woods-Saxon wave functions — B.L.Clausen, J.T.Brack, M.R.Braunstein, J.J.Kraushaar, R.A.Loveman, R.J.Peterson, R.A.Ristinen, R.A.Lindgren, and M.A.Plum. Phys. Rev. C, v.41, p.2246-2256 (1990).
• Proton stripping to 8^- stretched states in ⁵²Cr — R.J.Peterson, B.L.Clausen, and J.J.Kraushaar. Phys. Rev. C, v.40, p.553-558 (1989).
• Proton stripping to 8^- stretched states in ⁶⁰Ni — R.J.Peterson, B.L.Clausen, J.J.Kraushaar, R.A.Lindgren, M.A.Plum, W.W.Jacobs, and H.Nann. Phys. Rev. C, v.35, p.495-502 (1987).
• Proton stripping to 6^- stretched states of ²⁶Al — R.J.Peterson, B.L.Clausen, J.J.Kraushaar, H.Nann, W.W.Jacobs, R.A.Lindgren, and M.A.Plum. Phys. Rev. C, v.33, p.31-39 (1986).

Theoretical papers on stretched states:

• Electron scattering form factors of stretched transitions using Woods-Saxon wave functions — B.L.Clausen, R.J.Peterson, and R.A.Lindgren. Phys. Rev. C, v.38, p.589-600 (1988).
• Isovector excitation of 1-ħω stretched states in nuclei: effects of meson exchange currents, unbound wave functions, and knockout exchange amplitudes on the extraction of particle-hole strengths — R.A.Lindgren, M.Leuschner, B.L.Clausen, R.J.Peterson, M.A.Plum, and F.Petrovich. Can. J. Phys., v.65, p.666-676 (1987).
• Effects of Mesonic Exchange Currents, Unbound Wave Functions, and Knockout Exchange Amplitudes on the Extraction of Particle-Hole Strengths for 1-ħω Stretched States — R.A.Lindgren, M.Leuschner, B.L.Clausen, R.J.Peterson, M.A.Plum, and F.Petrovich, in Nuclear Structure at High Spin, Excitation, and Momentum Transfer (Indiana University), AIP Conf. Proc. No. 142, edited by H. Nann (AIP, New York, 1986), p.133-154.

Miscellaneous papers on nuclear physics:

• Limitations of the distorted-wave impulse approximation in describing the energy dependence of the ¹⁰B(n,p)¹⁰Be (g.s.) reaction — D.S.Sorenson, J.L.Ullmann, A.Ling, B.K.Park, R.C.Haight, N.S.P.King, R.A.Lindgren, H.Baghaei, E.J.Stephenson, F.P.Brady, J.L.Romero, J.Rapaport, B.L.Clausen, C.Wuest, and F.Sammarruca. Phys. Rev. C, v.75, 034611, 11p (2007).
• Reaction mechanism for natural parity (p,p') transitions in ¹⁰B — A.C.Betker, S.Chang, E.J.Stephenson, A.D.Bacher, S.M.Bowyer, W.A.Franklin, J.Liu, C.Olmer, D.L.Prout, S.P.Wells, S.W.Wissink, C.Yu, R.A.Lindgren, H.Baghaei, V.Gladyshev, J.A.Carr, S.K.Yoon, F.Petrovich, B.L.Clausen, and J.Lisantti. Phys. Rev. C, v.71, 064607, 12p (2005).
• Pion-nucleus spin-flip strength at low and resonance energies — B.G.Ofenloch, R.A.Giannelli, B.G.Ritchie, J.M.O’Donnell, J.N.Knudson, C.L.Morris, C.M.Kormanyos, A.Saunders, J.Z.Williams, R.A.Lindgren, and B.L.Clausen. Phys. Rev. C, v.55, p.1295-1303 (1997).
• Quasielastic K⁺ scattering and DOWNLOAD — C.M.Kormanyos, R.J.Peterson, J.R.Shepard, J.E.Wise, S.Bart, R.E.Chrien, L.Lee, B.L.Clausen, J.Piekarewicz, M.B.Barakat, E.V.Hungerford, R.A.Michael, K.H.Hicks, and T.Kishimoto. Phys. Rev. C, v.51, p.669-679 (1995).
• K⁺-Nucleus Quasielastic Scattering DOWNLOAD — C.M.Kormanyos, R.J.Peterson, J.R.Shepard, J.E.Wise, S.Bart, R.E.Chrien, L.Lee, B.L.Clausen, J.Piekarewicz, M.B.Barakat, R.A.Michael, and T.Kishimoto. Phys. Rev. Lett., v.71, p.2571-2574 (1993).
• Absolute differential cross sections and charge asymmetries for p^±d elastic scattering at 65 MeV — M.D.Kohler, J.T.Brack, B.Clausen, J.J.Kraushaar, B.J.Kriss, R.A.Ristinen, K.Vaziri, G.R.Smith, D.F.Ottewell, M.E.Sevior, R.P.Trelle, and N.R.Stevenson. Phys. Rev. C, v.44, p.15-23 (1991).
• Spin Transverse-Longitudinal Composition of the Isovector Effective NN Interaction from ¹⁰B(p,p') at 200 MeV — H.Baghaei, R.A.Lindgren, P.Slocum, E.J.Stephenson, A.D.Bacher, S.Chang, J.Lisantti, J.Liu, C.Olmer, S.Wells, S.W.Wissink, B.L.Clausen, J.A.Carr, S.K.Yoon, and F.Petrovich. Phys. Rev. Lett., v.69, p.2054-2057 (1992).
• Pion charge exchange to the isovector giant dipole state at energies above the 3-3 resonance — R.A.Loveman, B.L.Clausen, R.J.Peterson, S.H.Rokni, H.W.Baer, A.G.Bergman, J.D.Bowman, F.Irom, C.J.Seftor, J.Alster, E.Piasetzky, J.N.Knudson, and U.Sennhauser. Phys. Rev. C, v.40, p.2710-2716 (1989).
• Isobaric-Analog-State Transitions in Pion Charge-Exchange Reactions above the D(1232) Resonance — S.H.Rokni, H.W.Baer, A.G.Bergmann, J.D.Bowman, F.Irom, M.J.Leitch, C.J.Seftor, J.Alster, E.Piasetzky, B.L.Clausen, R.A.Loveman, R.J.Peterson, J.L.Ullmann, J.R.Comfort, J.N.Knudson, U.Sennhauser. Phys. Lett., v.202B, p.35-39 (1988).
• Pion scattering to collective excitations in ⁹⁰Zr and ¹¹⁸Sn — J.L.Ullmann, P.W.F.Alons, B.L.Clausen, J.J.Kraushaar, J.H.Mitchell, R.J.Peterson, R.A.Ristinen, R.L.Boudrie, N.S.P.King, C.L.Morris, J.N.Knudson, E.F.Gibson. Phys. Rev. C, v.35, p.1099-1113 (1987).
• Delta production by pion charge exchange on complex nuclei — B.L.Clausen, R.A.Loveman, R.J.Peterson, R.A.Ristinen, J.L.Ullmann, and F.Irom. Phys. Rev. C, v.35, p.1028-1036 (1987).

Abstracts:

• Distorted Wave Analyses of ¹⁰B(p⁺,p⁺') at 65 MeV — B.G.Ofenloch, R.A.Giannelli, B.G.Ritchie, J.M.O'Donnell, C.L.Morris, J.N.Knudson, C.M.Kormanyos, A.Saunders, J.Z.Williams, R.A.Lindgren, and B.L.Clausen. Bull. Am. Phys. Soc., v.39, p.1145 (1994).
• Scattering of Polarized Protons from ¹⁰B at 200 MeV — H.Baghaei, R.A.Lindgren, E.J.Stephenson, A.D.Bacher, J.Lisantti, J.Liu, C.Olmer, S.P.Wells, S.W.Wissink, B.L.Claussen, J.A.Carr, F.Al-Halmoushi, and F.Petrovich. Bull. Am. Phys. Soc., v.38, p.1846 (1993).
• The Energy Dependence of the Effective N-N Isovector Tensor Interaction Using the Stretched Transition from the 3⁺ Ground State of ¹⁰B to the 0⁺ Ground State of ¹⁰Be Over the Energy Range of 50 to 250 MeV — D.S.Sorenson, F.P.Brady, B.Clausen, R.C.Haight, R.A.Lindgren, A.Ling, B.K.Park, J.Rapaport, J.L.Romero, J.L.Ullmann, and C.Wuest. Bull. Am. Phys. Soc., v.38, p.1826 (1993).
• Electroexcitation of 4⁺ States in ¹⁸O — D.M.Manley, R.M.Sellers, M.M.Niboh, R.A.Lindgren, B.L.Clausen, M.Farkhondeh, B.E.Norum, B.L.Berman. Bull. Am. Phys. Soc., v.38, p.1820 (1993).
• Inelastic Pion Scattering on ¹⁰B at 65 MeV — B.G.Ofenloch, R.A.Giannelli, B.G.Ritchie, J.M.O'Donnell, C.L.Morris, J.N.Knudson, C.Kormanyos, A.Saunders, J.Z.Williams, R.A.Lindgren, and B.L.Clausen. Bull. Am. Phys. Soc., v.38, p.1817 (1993).
• Nuclear Response to Quasifree K⁺ Scattering — C.M.Kormanyos, R.J.Peterson, J.R.Shepard, J.E.Wise, M.D.Holcomb, S.Bart, R.E.Chrien, L.Lee, B.L.Claussen, J.Piekarewicz, K.Hicks, R.Michael, M.Barakat, E.V.Hungerford, and T.Kishimoto. Bull. Am. Phys. Soc., v.38, p.944 (1993).
• A Test of the Effective N-N Isovector Tensor Interaction from Bombarding Energies of 65 to 250 MeV using the Stretched State in the ¹⁰B(n,p)¹⁰Be gs Reaction — D.S.Sorenson, F.P.Brady, B.Clausen, R.C.Haight, R.Lindgren, A.Ling, J.Rapaport, J.L.Romero, J.L.Ullmann, and C.Wuest. Bull. Am. Phys. Soc., v.37, p.1299 (1992).
• Transverse-Longitudinal Composition of the Isovector Spin Dependent NN Interaction from D_NN' — R.A.Lindgren, H.Baghaei, P.Slocum, E.J.Stephenson, A.D.Bacher, S.Chang, J.Lisantti, J.Liu, C.Olmer, S.Wells, S.W.Wissink, B.L.Clausen, J.A.Carr, S.K.Yoon, and F.Petrovich. Bull. Am. Phys. Soc., v.37, p.1257 (1992).
• Pion Scattering to 6^- Stretched States in ²⁶Mg — B.L.Clausen, R.J.Peterson, C.Kormanyos, M.Holcomb, R.Ristinen, J.Wise, A.Kurepin, Y.Gavrilov, R.A.Lindgren, K.Cromer, S.J.Greene, H.Ward, and A.Williams. Bull. Am. Phys. Soc., v.37, p.916 (1992).
• Pion Scattering to 6^- Stretched States in ³²S — B.L.Clausen, R.A.Lindgren, K.Cromer, R.J.Peterson, C.Kormanyos, A.D.Bacher, C.L.Morris, H.Ward, A.Williams, A.Kurepin, Y.Gavrilov, and L.W.Fagg. Bull. Am. Phys. Soc., v.36, p.2132 (1991).
• Excitation of 0-ħω and 1-ħω Stretched-States in the ¹⁸O(p,n)¹⁸F and ³⁰Si(p,n)³⁰P Reactions at 135 MeV — L.A.C.Garcia, B.D.Anderson, A.R.Baldwin, R.Madey, D.M.Manley, R.Pourang, E.Steinfelds, J.W.Watson, C.C.Foster, A.Bacher, R.Lindgren, and B.Clausen. Bull. Am. Phys. Soc., v.36, p.2132 (1991).
• Measurements of s, A, P, and D_NN' for ¹⁰B(p-polarized,p-polarized')¹⁰B Scattering at E_p=200 MeV — H.Baghaei, R.A.Lindgren, E.J.Stephenson, A.D.Bacher, S.Chang, J.Lisantti, J.Liu, C.Olmer, S.Wells, S.W.Wissink, and B.L.Clausen. Bull. Am. Phys. Soc., v.36, p.1351 (1991).
• Excitation of (d_5/2, p_3/2^-1)4^- Stretched-State Strength in the ¹⁴C(p,n)¹⁴N Reaction at 135 MeV — L.A.C.Garcia, B.D.Anderson, A.R.Baldwin, R.Madey, D.M.Manley, R.Pourang, E.Steinfelds, J.W.Watson, C.C.Foster, A.Bacher, R.Lindgren, B.Clausen. Bull. Am. Phys. Soc., v.35, p.1650 (1990).
• Electroexcitation of 4^- and 6^- States in ¹⁸O — R.M.Sellers, D.M.Manley, R.A.Lindgren, B.L.Clausen, M.Farkhondeh, B.E.Norum, R.J.Peterson, B.L.Berman, C.E.Hyde-Wright. Bull. Am. Phys. Soc., v.35, p.927 (1990).
• Measurement of p^± Deuteron Elastic Scattering Cross Sections and Charge Asymmetries at 50 and 65 MeV — R.A.Ristinen, M.D.Kohler, J.T.Brack, B.Clausen, J.J.Kraushaar, B.Kriss, K.Vaziri, G.R.Smith, D.F.Ottewell, M.Sevior, N.R.Stevenson. EPS Nuclear Physics Study Conference, Crete, Greece, May 20-26, 1990.
• Excitation of 4^- States in ¹⁴C from Inelastic Scattering of 497 MeV Protons — K.Cromer, B.L.Clausen, R.A.Lindgren, B.E.Norum, D.Dehnhard, M.K.Jones, S.K.Nanda, S.J.Seestrom-Morris, K.W.Jones, J.A.McGill, M.A.Plum, C.J.Harvey, P.A.Seidl, J.D.Zumbro, J.R.Comfort, and G.S.Adams. Bull. Am. Phys. Soc., v.34, p.1829 (1989).
• Electroexcitation of 6^- States in ³⁰Si — L.Knox, R.A.Lindgren, B.L.Clausen, B.Berman, D.Zubanov, M.Farkhondeh, L.W.Fagg, and M.Manley. Bull. Am. Phys. Soc., v.34, p.1812 (1989).
• Pion Charge Exchange to Delta-Hole States of Complex Nuclei — M.R.Braunstein, R.J.Peterson, J.T.Brack, M.D.Kohler, J.J.Kraushaar, D.S.Oakley, D.J.Rilett, R.A.Ristinen, J.N.Knudson, and B.L.Clausen. Bull. Am. Phys. Soc., v.34, p.1204 (1989).
• Pion-Deuteron Elastic Scattering Cross Sections and Charge Asymmetries at 50 and 65 MeV — K.Vaziri, J.T.Brack, B.Clausen, M.Kohler, J.J.Kraushaar, D.J.Rilett, R.A.Ristinen, D.F.Ottewell, M.Sevior, G.R.Smith, R.P.Trelle, and N.R.Stevenson. Bull. Am. Phys. Soc., v.33, p.1606 (1988).
• Electroexcitation of 6^- States in ³²S — L.W.Fagg, D.Sober, B.Clausen, R.Lindgren, B.Berman, K.Dhuga, C.deJager, H.deVries, N.Kalantar-Nayestanaki, P.Burt. Bull. Am. Phys. Soc., v.33, p.1594 (1988).
• A Comparison of Results from an Analysis of Pion and Electron Scattering to Stretched States using Woods-Saxon and Harmonic Oscillator Wave Functions — B.L.Clausen, R.A.Lindgren, J.T.Brack, M.P.Braunstein, J.J.Kraushaar, R.A.Loveman, R.J.Peterson, R.A.Ristinen, and M.A.Plum. Bull. Am. Phys. Soc., v.33, p.1586 (1988).
• Pion-Nucleus Single Charge Exchange Reactions Above the (3,3) Resonance — S.H.Rokni, H.W.Baer, J.D.Bowman, F.Irom, M.J.Leitch, J.Alster, E.Piasetzky, J.R.Comfort, J.N.Knudson, B.L.Clausen, R.A.Loveman, R.J.Peterson, J.L.Ullmann, A.G.Bergmann, C.J.Seftor, U.Sennhauser. Bull. Am. Phys. Soc., v.32, p.1119 (1987).
• Pion Scattering to 8^- Stretched States in ⁶⁰Ni — B.L.Clausen, J.T.Brack, M.P.Braunstein, J.J.Kraushaar, R.A.Loveman, R.J.Peterson, R.A.Ristinen, M.A.Plum, and R.A.Lindgren. Bull. Am. Phys. Soc., v.32, p.1118 (1987).
• Systematics of High Energy Pion Single Charge Exchange Reactions — S.H.Rokni, H.W.Baer, J.D.Bowman, F.Irom, M.J.Leitch, J.Alster, E.Piasetzky, J.R.Comfort, J.N.Knudson, B.L.Clausen, R.A.Loveman, R.J.Peterson, J.L.Ullmann, A.G.Bergmann, C.J.Seftor, U.Sennhauser. Bull. Am. Phys. Soc., v.31, p.856 (1986).
• Excitation of 6^- Stretched States by the ²⁵Mg(a,t)²⁶Al Reaction — B.L.Clausen, R.J.Peterson, J.J.Kraushaar, H.Nann, and W.W.Jacobs. Bull. Am. Phys. Soc., v.30, p.725 (1985).

LAST UPDATE: 24 May 2022