WPC \WG$zJ1hg Y7Qx.k8g]|w؛ rcV&>m9mwMxWb?D90Ł *cu1+~=;@Bk!U ƑNUr`$| B HZԠ#zG")Yˤul8da)g&“y1|@XӸGhs,"b B;UrEV_L4wAZYp@=ق,pqQ$(  U@Y| c֙&{oGJϜ(ӈULpK}1pXMЦ\2bK}+['2{Bԏy`H W@*o6%Zn b_U9B2nt %" ( 0b U.D 0jr 0b 0> 0" 0 0 0 0zb 0 0 0t 0@ 0  0 0r 0x 0p 0v 0tt ! 0f!#^"($NG$*I$ 0Ds+ 0+^ P,w\,4`,t, mv, 0,{- {/ 069C!:d;|LVMNf%P%P:RVtWWW 0Y 0Y 0Z [[IXefffffff 0l 0m 0un 0No 0 $p 0q 0q 0r 0s 0Rt 0u 0u 0v 0tw 0Ox 0'y 0y 0z 0{ 0i| 02} 0} 1U~ 7 P 1ul 72\  `*Times New RomanTT\  `*Times New RomanTTC\  P6QP%2A`ArialTTomanTT;2PQP\  `*Times New RomanTTXXP\  P6QXP%2A`ArialTTomanTTJ2PQP'  8Time and Geology: A Positive Perspective 2 eKennedy0eKennedy .   T} :Balloon TextBalloon Text  C%2A`ArialTTC        W\  `*Times New RomanTTW  %2A`ArialTT^:_Equation Ca_Equation CaptionXXXW\  `*Times New RomanTTW        W\  `*Times New RomanTTW@ 0captioncaption  XXXW\  `*Times New RomanTTW        W\  `*Times New RomanTTW  P5T 8toa headingtoa heading   T$        >4X` hp x (#>  @5T 0index 2index 2   4        >4X` hp x (#>  @5T 0index 1index 1   4        >4X` hp x (#>  85T ,toc 9toc 9   4        >4X` hp x (#>  85T ,toc 8toc 8   4        >4X` hp x (#>  8! ,toc 7toc 7            85T ,toc 6toc 6   4        >4X` hp x (#>  85T ,toc 5toc 5   4        >4X` hp x (#>  85T ,toc 4toc 4   4        >4X` hp x (#>  85T ,toc 3toc 3   4        >4X` hp x (#>  85T ,toc 2toc 2   4        >4X` hp x (#>  85T ,toc 1toc 1   4        >4X` hp x (#>  `:footnote reffootnote referenceXXXW\  `*Times New RomanTTW        W\  `*Times New RomanTTWV :footnote texfootnote text  XXXW\  `*Times New RomanTTW        W\  `*Times New RomanTTW  ^:endnote refeendnote referenceXXXW\  `*Times New RomanTTW        W\  `*Times New RomanTTWT :endnote textendnote text  XXXW\  `*Times New RomanTTW        W\  `*Times New RomanTTW  h:Default ParaDefault Paragraph FontXXXW\  `*Times New RomanTTW        W\  `*Times New RomanTTW3|x (>$HP LaserJet 2200 Series PCL 60!  !I%  9  .  __Chadwick_,ArthurV.andKennedy,ElaineG.1995.DepositionalenvironmentoftheTapeatsSandstoneinthe r#r# regionofGrandCanyon,Arizona:Chas.vanRiperIIIandElena_Deshler_Ԁ(_eds_.)3rdBiennialConferenceofResearch $$ ontheColoradoPlateauAbstract,43.Kennedy,Elaine,_Kablanow_,Ray,_Chadwick_,Arthur,1996.Areassessmentof $$ theshallowwaterdepositionalmodelfortheTapeatsSandstone,GrandCanyon,Arizona:Evidencefordeepwater d%d% deposition:GeologicalSocietyofAmericaAbstractswithPrograms28(7):A407.Kennedy,Elaine,_Kablanow_,Ray,  & & _Chadwick_,Arthur,1997.EvidencefordeepwaterdepositionoftheTapeatsSandstone,GrandCanyon,Arizona: && Chas.vanRiperIIIandElena_Deshler_Ԁ(_eds_.),Proceedingsofthe3rdBiennialConferenceofResearchonthe V'V' ColoradoPlateau,TransactionsandProceedingsSeries_NPS_/_NRNAU_/_NRTP_Ԅ97/12,U.S.DepartmentofInterior,pp. '' 215228._Chadwick_,ArthurV.andKennedy,ElaineG.1998.EvidencefordeepwaterdepositionoftheTapeats (( Sandstone,GrandCanyon,Arizona,U.S.A.:15thInternationalSedimentologicalCongressp.247.(&$  1  (Z3I$ !    1  .. h*.:i+00U2G+J 0_level1  X /%4 4 <DL/23  ..  2( 4 <DL2    !I%  6  .  _ԀTworecentlypublishedvolumespresentthisinformationverywell:Roth,ArielA.1998.Origins!Linking   ScienceandScripture:ReviewandHeraldPublishingAssociation,Hagerstown,384p.And,Brand,Leonard,1997. LL Faith,Reason,andEarthHistory:AndrewsUniversityPress,_Berrien_ԀSprings,p.266. !I%  1  .  _Ԁ_Dalrymple_,G.Brent,1991.TheAgeoftheEarth:StanfordUniversityPress,Stanford,p.13. Wherereligious #( beliefsdictatedtimeforthecosmos,thattimetendedtobeshort...HebrewandChristiancalculationsinvariably ~$ resultedinvaluesoflessthan10,000fortheageoftheearth....Innaturesthickaccumulationofsedimentaryrocks $%t  andthefossilscontainedtherein,they[geologistsandbiologists]sawtheproductsoftheprocessesoperatingover %! vastperiodsoftime.Inaddition,inthebooksprefacetheauthornotesthatthereasonforwritingthisbookwas p&! promptedbythecreationsciencecontroversy.Seealso:Press,Frankand_Siever_,Raymond,1985.Earth:(4thed.) 'f" _W.H._ԀFreemanandCompany,NewYork,p.23.TheintroductorycommenttoChapter2summarizesthegeological ' # communitysviewofearthhistoryverywell: Conceptsoftimearecentraltogeology....geologicprocesses... b(# geologictimescale...radioactiveatomsinrocksgivesabsoluteages....Stokes,WilliamLeeandJudson,Sheldon, )X$ 1968.IntroductiontoGeology:PrenticeHall,Inc.EnglewoodCliffs,p.296.InChapter15theauthorsdiscussthe )$  meritsof_catastrophism_Ԁversus_uniformitarianism_.Althoughgeologistshavemovedawayfrom_uniformitarianism_ T*%  overthepast35years,theirviewsingeneralregardingearthhistoryhavechangedverylittle.White,EllenG.in3 *J&  SpiritualGiftspp.9196states InfidelgeologistsclaimthattheworldisverymucholderthantheBiblerecord +&  makesit....IhavebeenshownthatwithoutBiblehistorygeologycanprovenothing....Inspiration,ingivingusthe F,'  historyoftheflood,hasexplainedwonderfulmysteriesthatgeology,independentofinspiration,nevercould....God ,<( designedthatthediscoveryofthesethingsintheearthshouldestablishthefaithofmenininspiredhistory.2D+J 0_level2   ," <DL,23  ..  2( 4 <DL2   9 !I%  7  .  _ԀMostofthisworkhasbeendocumentedinpeerreviewedliteratureincludingOrigins(publishedbyGRI),and `` _BRISCO_Ԁabstracts.  !I%  8  .  _ԀNumerouspapersontheYellowstoneFossil Forestssupportingatransportmodelhavebeenpublishedby_SDA_ tt researchers(unpublishedMSthesesandPh.D.dissertationsareincludedinthelist):Fisk,L.H.1976._Palynology_Ԁof  theAmethystMountain fossilforest,YellowstoneNationalPark,Wyoming:Ph.D.Dissertation,LomaLinda  University,357p.Fisk,L.H.1976.The_Gallatin_Ԁ petrifiedforest:areview.MontanaBureauofMinesandGeology ff SpecialPublication73.Fritz,_W.J._Ԁ1977._Paleoecology_ԀofpetrifiedwoodsfromtheAmethystMountain fossil    forest,YellowstoneNationalPark,Wyoming:M.S.Thesis,Walla_Walla_ԀCollege,57p.Fisk,L.H.,_Auirre_,_M.R._,  Fritz,_W.J._Ԁ1978.AdditionalconifersfromtheEoceneAmethystMountain fossilforest,YellowstoneNational XX Park,Wyoming:GeologicalSocietyofAmericaAbstractswithPrograms10(5):216.Fritz,_W.J._ԀandFisk,L.H.1978.  EocenepetrifiedwoodsfromoneunitoftheAmethystMountain fossilforest:NorthwestGeology7:1019.  Coffin,H.G.1979.TheorganiclevelsoftheYellowstonePetrifiedForests:Origins6(2):7182.Fritz,_W.J._ԀandFisk, JJ  L.H.1979._Paleoecology_ԀofpetrifiedwoodsfromtheAmethystMountain fossilforest,YellowstoneNationalPark,   Wyoming:NationalParksService2(5):743749.Fritz,_W.J._Ԁ1980.Reinterpretationofthedepositionalenvironment   oftheYellowstone fossilforests:Geology8:309313._Chadwick_,A.andYamamoto,T.1983.A_paleoecological_ <<  analysisofthepetrifiedtreesintheSpecimenCreekareaofYellowstoneNationalPark,Montana,U.S.A.:   Palaeogeography,palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology45:3948.Coffin,H.G.1976.Orientationoftreesinthe  YellowstonePetrifiedForests:JournalofPaleontology50:539543._Arct_,_M.J._Ԁ1979._Dendrochronology_Ԁinthe .. Yellowstonefossilforests.M.A.Thesis,LomaLindaUniversity,65p._Arct_,_M.J._Ԁ1991._Dendroecology_Ԁinthefossil  forestsoftheSpecimenCreekarea,YellowstoneNationalPark,Ph.D.Dissertation,LomaLindaUniversity,98p. zz Fritz,_W.J._Ԁ1980.ReinterpretationofthedepositionalenvironmentoftheYellowstone fossilforests:Geology    8:309313.  NumerouspapershavealsobeenpublishedontheGreenRiverFormation,Wyoming,by_Buchheim_,et.al.;themost ll controversial:_Buchheim_,_H.Paul_.and_Biaggi_,Roberto.1988.Laminaecountswithinasynchronousoilshaleunit:A    challengetothe _varve_concept:GeologicalSocietyofAmericaAbstractswithPrograms20(7):A317.Seealso:   _Buchheim_,_H.Paul_Ԁ1994._Paleoenvironments_,_lithofacies_Ԁand_varves_ԀoftheFossilButteMemberoftheEoceneGreen ^!^! RiverFormation,SouthwesternWyoming:ContributionstoGeology,UniversityofWyoming30(1):314. !I%  13  .  _ԀSeeendnote9forthelistingoftheseriesofpublicationsonthisresearch.  /P*   !I%  2  .  _ԀIbid.,474p.  !I%  4  .  _Ԁ_Bebout_,DonG.and_Kerans_,Charles,(_eds_.)1993.GuidetothePermianReefGeologyTrail,_McKittrick_ԀCanyon,  GuadalupeMountainsNationalPark,WestTexas:Guidebook26,BureauofEconomicGeology,Universityof ~ ~  Texas,Austin,pp.48. \ !I%  3  .  _ԀBrand,Leonard,1997.Faith,Reason,andEarthHistory:AndrewsUniversityPress,BerrienSprings,p.266.  Brandlistsevidencefavoring interventionand_catastrophism_,_megaevolution_Ԁand_neocatastrophism_aswellas   neutralevidence.Ihavecombinedsomeoftheseintobroader_catagories_. 0 !I%  11  .  _ԀKennedy,ElaineG.andSpencer,Lee,1995.Anunusualoccurrenceofdinosaureggshellfragmentsinastorm  surgedeposit,_Lamargue_ԀGroup,Patagonia,Argentina:GeologicalSocietyofAmericaAbstractswithPrograms \ \  27(6):A318.ComparisonmadewithPatagonianworkin:Kennedy,Elaine,1997.Distributionofdinosaureggshell    fragmentsinan_overbank_Ԁdeposit,TwoMedicineFormation,_Choteau_,Mt:Apreliminaryreport:GeologicalSociety   ofAmericaAbstractswithPrograms29(6):A272.Spencer,LeeandKennedy,ElaineG.2001.Potentiallyfalse N N  interpretationsofdinosaurnestsandnesting,withanexamplefromtheAllenFormation,Patagonia,Argentina:   _Paleobios_Ԁ21(Supplementto#2):119. !I%  12  .  _Ԁ_Chadwick_,1993,endnote5. j !I%  5  .  _Ԁ_Chadwick_,Arthur.V.1993.MegatrendsinNorthAmerican_paleocurrents_:SocietyofEconomicPaleontologists   andMineralogistsMeetingAbstracts8:58.2A+J 0_level3   ) <DL)23  ..  2( 4 <DL2  2>+J 0_level4  ` &<<DL&23  ..  2( 4 <DL2  2;+J 0_level5   #DL#23  ..  2( 4 <DL2   !I%  10  .  _Ԁ_Esperante_,Raul,2001._Taphonomy_Ԁoffossilwhalesindiatomaceoussedimentsofthe_Neogene_Ԁ_Pisco_ԀFormation, ** Peru:Ph.D.Dissertation,LomaLindaUniversity,240p.Carvajal,_Cristian_ԀR.,_Sedimentology_Ԁand \+\+ _Paleoenvironments_ԀoftheMiocene/Pliocene_Pisco_ԀFm.,Peru:M.S.Thesis,LomaLindaUniversity,107p.Carvajal, ,, _Cristian_,_Poma_,Orlando,_Chadwick_,Arthur,Brand,Leonard,2000._Sedimentology_Ԁand_paleoenvironments_Ԁofwhale ,, bearingsedimentsoftheMiocene/Pliocene_Pisco_ԀFormation,Peru:GeologicalSocietyofAmericaAbstractswith N-N- Programs32(7):A10._Esperante_Ԅ_Caamano_,Raul,Brand,LeonardR.,_Chadwick_,ArthurV.,_Poma_,Orlando,1999. -- q _Taphonomy_ԀofwhalesintheMiocene/Pliocene_Pisco_ԀFormation,westernPeru:GeologicalSocietyofAmerica  AbstractswithPrograms31(7):A466._Esperante_,Raul,Brand,Leonard,_Chadwick_,Arthurand_Poma_,Orlando, V 2002._Taphonomy_ԀoffossilwhalesinthediatomaceoussedimentsoftheMiocene/Pliocene_Pisco_ԀFormation,Peru: L _Renzi_,Alonso,_Belinchon_,_Penalver_,_Montoya_,andMarquez_Aliaga_Ԁ(_eds_.),CurrentTopicson_Taphonomy_Ԁand  Fossilization,Valenciapp.337343. ? !I%  14  .  _Ԁ_Burgert_,B.L.1972.PetrologyoftheCambrianTapeatsSandstone,GrandCanyon,Arizona[M.S.Thesis]  NorthernArizonaUniversity,156p.  !I%  15  .  _Ԁ_Middleton_,L.T.andElliott,_D.K._Ԁ1990._Tonto_ԀGroup:in_Beus_ԀandMorales(_eds_.)GrandCanyonGeology  OxfordUniversityPress,NewYork,pp.83106._Middleton_,L.T.1989.CambrianandOrdoviciandepositional  systemsin_Jenney_ԀandReynolds(_eds_.),GeologicalEvolutionofArizona,ArizonaGeologicalSocietyDigest17:273 DD 286.Stewart,_J.H._Ԁand_Suczek_,C.A.1977.CambrianandlatestPreCambrianpaleogeographyandtectonicsinthe  westernUnitedStates:inStewart,Stevensand_Fritsche_Ԁ(_eds_.),PaleozoicpaleogeographyofthewesternUnited  States,SocietyofEconomicPaleontologistsandMineralogists(PacificSection)pp.117.Theinterpretationwasfirst 66 proposedby:_McKee_,E.D.and_Resser_,H.1945.CambrianhistoryoftheGrandCanyonregion:CarnegieInstitute,  WashingtonD.C.Publications563:3168.28+J 0_level6    DL 23  ..  2( 4 <DL2  25+J 0_level7  h DDL23  ..  2( 4 <DL2  22+J 0_level8   L23  ..  2( 4 <DL2  2/+J 0_level9    L23  ..  2( 4 <DL2  2GJ 0_levsl1  X /%4 4 <DL/23  Ԁ  2( 4 <DL2  2DJ 0_levsl2   ," <DL,23  Ԁ  2( 4 <DL2  2AJ 0_levsl3   ) <DL)23  Ԁ  2( 4 <DL2  2>J 0_levsl4  ` &<<DL&23  Ԁ  2( 4 <DL2  2;J 0_levsl5   #DL#23  Ԁ  2( 4 <DL2  28J 0_levsl6    DL 23  Ԁ  2( 4 <DL2  25J 0_levsl7  h DDL23  Ԁ  2( 4 <DL2  22J 0_levsl8   L23  Ԁ  2( 4 <DL2  2/J 0_levsl9    L23  Ԁ  2( 4 <DL2  2GJ 0_levnl1  X /%4 4 <DL/23   2( 4 <DL2  2DJ 0_levnl2   ," <DL,23   2( 4 <DL2  2AJ 0_levnl3   ) <DL)23   2( 4 <DL2  2>J 0_levnl4  ` &<<DL&23   2( 4 <DL2  2;J 0_levnl5   #DL#23   2( 4 <DL2  28J 0_levnl6    DL 23   2( 4 <DL2  25J 0_levnl7  h DDL23   2( 4 <DL2  22J 0_levnl8   L23   2( 4 <DL2  2/J 0_levnl9    L23   2( 4 <DL2  HHHHHHHH(359=AEIMQ1 ZH  F !I%  16  .  _Ԁ_Heezen_,BruceC.and_Hollister_,CharlesD.1971.TheFaceoftheDeep:OxfordUniversityPress,NewYork,  659p.3#37=CIQYag1.a.i.(1)(a)(i)1)a)]i) !  _ XX  TimeandGeology:APositivePerspective   ElaineKennedy m  GeoscienceResearchInstitute 5  Thegeologiccommunityacceptsandpromotestimeframesandinterpretationsof R depositionalsystemsthatareproblematicwithrespecttothebeliefsystemoftheSeventh  j dayAdventistChurch. )  &  1      ׀Radiometricdatingandorderinthefossilrecordareglobally  2 recognizedandaccepted.Theinterpretationsofdatafromthesetwoareasofstudyare   amongthemostseriouschallenges.Shouldanyonedesiretorejectthebiblicalaccountof r  earthhistory,theseargumentsareadequateforthatpurpose;however,althoughdatamay :  seemtodriveonetosuchaconclusion,theconclusionarisesfromasequenceofwell  R  constructed,rationallydevelopedtheories. .  &  2      ׀    Onlyslightlylesschallengingarephenomenathataretimerelatedbutmorecontroversial Z  withinthegeologiccommunity,suchaspaleomagnetism,coolingoflargeigneousbodies, "r  fossilintermediates,someenvironmentsofdeposition(thesewillbediscussedindetail :  bymycolleague),andsomeaspectsofbiogeography._ 0  &  3      _ԀWithrespecttothevarious   depositsthatrequiretimefordevelopment,regionalstudiesonacasebycasebasisare z  requiredtodeterminethevalidityoftheconclusionsduetothesubjectivenatureinherent B intheassessmentofthedata.Asmembersof_BRISCO_ԀobservedattheEl_Capitan_Ԁ reef  Z complex,adepositionalsystemmayappearinsituatlargescalebutcloserexamination " revealsinconsistenciesindicatingamorecomplexinterpretation._ /  &  4      _ԀGiventhisneedfor  regionalstudies,cautionmustbeemployedasDr.Arthur_Chadwick_spaleocurrent b studies_ 4  &  5      _Ԁindicatethattheremaybelimitationstotheusefulnessofbasinalorregional *z studiesinsignificantportionsofthe_Phanerozoic_.Globaleffectsfoundthroughoutthe B geologicrecord,depositsatypicalofmoderndepositionalsystemsandparaconformities   callintoquestionthetheories,conclusions,andargumentsputforwardwithrespectto  longchronologiesandthemeaningofthesequenceinthefossilrecord._ (  &  6      _ J Howshouldthechurchdealwiththeseissues?Therearetwoobviousapproaches,1) * recognizetheproblematicareasinherenttoeachprocessor,2)conductresearch  suggestedbyunderstandingsoftheGenesisaccountofearthhistory.Whilethereissome j validitytothefirstapproachsuchaschallengingtheinterpretationofthedistributionof 2 theisotopesinradiometricdating,wetypicallyfallintothetrapof pokingholesor J  nitpickinge.g.,arguingovermarginoferror.GeoscienceResearchInstitute,usingboth ! approaches,hasfocusedonandcontinuestofollowthesecondapproachthroughthe  " effortsofstaffresearchandprovidinggrantsforsimilarresearchconductedbyour R!# colleagues._ +  &  7      _ԀTheadvantagestothesecondapproacharenumerous:differentquestionsare "j$ asked,credibilityisestablished,informationisdistributed,scienceisadvanced,the "2% geologiccommunityisinfluenced,newlinesofthinkingareinspired,andmost #& importantly,faithintheBibleisstrengthened. r$'  RArethechallengesbeingmet?Asresearchprogresses(slowly),yes,challengesarebeing &R!) met.InWyoming,_ ,  &  8      _ԀArizona,_   &  9      _ԀcoastalPeru,_ :  &  10      _ԀPatagonia,_ 2  &  11      _Ԁaswellasglobalstudies,_ 3  &  12      _ &"* conventionaltheorieshavebeensuccessfullychallengedandnewconceptsconsistent '"+ withtheBiblicalaccountsofearthhistoryaregraduallybeingaccepted. Z(#, OneexampleistheworkconductedintheGrandCanyon,Arizona,byDrs.Arthur *%. _Chadwick_,Ray_Kablanow_,ChristopherPrinceandmyself.Wehavebeenworkingonthe V+&/ MiddleCambrianTapeatsSandstoneinanefforttobetterunderstandthenatureofthe ,n'0 Precambrian/Cambrianboundarythere. -  &  13      ׀Ourresearchincludesdocumentationofbreccia ,6(1 blocksindicativeofcatastrophic,rapid,highenergy,subaqueousdepositionwithina -(2 timeframeofminutestohours.Paleoslopemeasurementssuggestandtheexistenceof  turbidites <  &  14      ׀inthelowermostsectionoftheTapeatsSandstoneattheTapeatsEmbayment x supportsaninterpretationofdeepwaterdeposition.Thisinterpretationiscontrarytothe @ currentmodel,i.e.Tapeatssandsdepositedbyashallow,transgressingsea. =  &  15      ׀Thedeep X watermodelissupportedbyTh/UdataatRedCanyon,91MileCanyon,Monadnock   AmphitheaterandTapeatsCreekCanyon.Finally,theundisturbednatureofthebreccia  blanketingthepaleoslopeanditsrelationshipwiththeoverlyingTapeatsSandstoneand `  BrightAngelShalesuggeststhatthedepositionoftheseMiddleCambrianunitsoccurred ( x withindaysduringandsubsequenttoacatastrophicevent,possiblythecollapseofa  @ marineshelfsystemthatcouldhavetriggeredthesandandbrecciasrapiddeposition.    Thepaleoslopemeasurements,turbidites,Th/Uratiosandundisturbedbrecciablanketare    inconsistentwiththepreviousmodelforthedepositionofthebrecciaandTapeats H   Sandstonebyashallow,transgressingsea.Traditionalstructuralsedimentarycriteria, `  associatedtracefossilsfoundintheTapeatsSandstoneandbodyfossilsfoundinthe (  BrightAngelShalethatareusedforthedevelopmentoftheshallowwatermodeland   theirassociatedfaciesrelationshipscanbeexplainedwithinthecontextofacatastrophic, h  highenergy,deepwaterenvironment. \  &  16       0  Dataamassedoveraperiodof30yearscompelledustoproposeanewinterpretationfor d thedepositionoftheTapeatsSandstoneinthisregion.Threeabstractsandapapercited ,| earlierhavealreadybeenpublishedintheprofessionalliteratureonthisresearchand D thereiscurrentlyamorecomprehensivepaperinpreparationforpublication.Professional   publicationsofthisresearchandtheworkofotherssuggestthatthereinterpretationof  conventionalmodelsistimeandmoneywellspent. L Scientificresearchconductedoutsidetheconstraintsofmethodologicalnaturalism  enhancesourunderstandingofnatureandtheCreator.Researchopportunitiesusingthis H approacharevast.Theprimaryrestraintonmoreresearchisalackoftrainedresearchers ` committedtothisapproach,butwhereevenlimitedresearchhasbeenconducted;thereis ( progresstotheextentthatsignificantscientificresearchisconsistentwiththebiblical  accountofearthhistory.Thisconsistencybolstersourconfidenceinthevalidityofthe h scientificresearch.However,itismybeliefthattheSeventhdayAdventistChurchhas 0 sufficientreason,independentofscientifictheories,tomaintainandpromoteitsBible H  basedbeliefsystem. !  RXXԁXoXXXXXo  *" Endnotes H"$